The Apple II (Also known as the Apple ][), was the 2nd of the Apple series, following the Apple Computer, (now known as the Apple I), in 1977. It and its successors in the line the best selling computers of their time until the release of the [wiki="IBM PC (5150)"]IBM PC[/wiki] in 1983, and Apple's No.1 product until the release of the Macintosh computer in 1984.
[wiki="Image:apple2euro.jpg"]thumb|right|An Apple ][ with monitor and two Disk ]['s[/wiki]
The Apple ][ had BASIC in ROM, as did many other computers.
[h="2"]Specifications[/h]
- 6502 CPU at 1MHz
- 4KB of RAM
- ROM BASIC
- Cassette Interface
- Joystick Port
- Composite video output
- 52 key keyboard (45 character keys.)
- 8 Expansion Slots (numbered 0 to 7)
- 16K Language Card (slot 0)
- 80 Column Card (not a //e Extended 80 Column Card)
- Shift Key Modification
- Disk II Controller (slot 6 for first is standard)
- Disk II Disk Drives (up to two per controller)
- Mockingboard Sound Card
- Serial I/O Board
- Centronics Printer Interface (e.g CardCo or Orange Micro)
- Memory up to 64KB
- ROM BASIC ("Integer BASIC")
- Disk BASIC ("Applesoft BASIC")
- Apple DOS up to up to version 3.3
- PRODOS up to version 1.9
The keyboard is very basic, providing only upper case letters, numerals, and a few symbols. It was missing many common symbols used in various programming languages. Languages for the Apple II often allowed alternate character combinations to replace such characters as curly braces, square brackets, etc. There were also third party programs that would perform character substitutions, and upgrades that would add features to the keyboard or replace it.
[h="2"]Disk Boot[/h]
The original Apple II would not boot off a floppy automatically. When the [wiki]Apple II+[/wiki] was released, upgrade ROMs became available for the II that provided automatic booting from the floppy at reset or power-on.
[h="2"]Successors[/h]
- [wiki]Apple II+[/wiki], largely the same but with enhanced ROMs.
- [wiki]Apple IIe[/wiki], many improvements including redesigned keyboard and support upper and lower case. Displays "Apple ][" at boot.
- [wiki]Apple IIc[/wiki], portable system based on the 65C02 processor with built-in peripherals including a 5.25" floppy drive.
- [wiki]Apple IIe Enhanced[/wiki], an update to the IIe with 65C02 CPU, updated video, BASIC, and monitor ROMs, allows expansion to 128K of RAM, and new video modes. Displays "Apple //e" at boot.
- [wiki]Apple IIgs[/wiki], Clean-slate redesign of the Apple II around a 65816 8/16 bit CPU capable of running at higher speeds, new video controller and sound chip provide built in multimedia capabilities rivalling those of the latest 16 bit computers of the time.
- [wiki]Apple IIc Plus[/wiki], 4MHz update to the IIc with 3.5" floppy drive expadable to 1MB RAM.
- [wiki]Apple II Compatibility Card[/wiki], an Apple II emulation card for Macintosh, available in several forms for the PDS slot in certain models of Mac. Provided Apple //e level functionality.
The success of the Apple II spawned many clone systems. Here are some representatives of the lot:
- Pineapple, a clone of the Apple II and later the II+.
- Syscon 2, a clone of the II+ with upper/lower case and 48K standard.
- Laser128, IIc clone with adjustable processor speed and better compatibility with the //e than the IIc for much software.
- Franklin Ace 100, a nearly exact copy of the Apple II+, including direct copies of Apple's ROMs.
- MicroProfessor II, a Chinese Apple II clone with many differences. No text mode, Chinese BASIC, 48K standard.