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Another Aussie

The 6545 was made by a number of silicon vendors (not just one) under slightly different part numbers.

The reason I am being a bit 'coy' in stating another part number (e.g. the Motorola MC6845) is that there was one 6x45 that did not work in a PET (for a reason that we never fathomed out).

There is a thread on VCFED about this somewhere.

EDIT: Ah, I think I have found it here: https://forum.vcfed.org/index.php?t...startup-chirp-actually-mean.78686/post-969065.

Dave
 
bookmarking.... also dumping the url in a note..... no doubt to forget about and trawl back through these messages and bookmarks down the line. Still better than trying to find things in Discord.... or Facebook (shudders)
 
The 6545 was made by a number of silicon vendors (not just one) under slightly different part numbers.

The reason I am being a bit 'coy' in stating another part number (e.g. the Motorola MC6845) is that there was one 6x45 that did not work in a PET (for a reason that we never fathomed out).

There is a thread on VCFED about this somewhere.

EDIT: Ah, I think I have found it here: https://forum.vcfed.org/index.php?t...startup-chirp-actually-mean.78686/post-969065.

Dave
wait - UM6845.... Isn't that also in the Amstrad CPC (or is that UM6845R)?
 
Be aware that the 6545 is a 6845 CRTC derivative with some feature enhancements such as an (R31) increment update register for contention control.
6545 manufacturers include Synertek and Rockwell.
 
Just getting in a little early, but I hope everyone manages some joy over the next couple of days, for whichever festivity you subscribe to, across all the timezones. Be happy and safe people!
 
I seem to have settled around the classical Sinclair Spectrum, VIC-20, CPC and recently the Atari ST(heresy I know!) as my preferred platforms to spend time on. However the Commodore PET has me completely intrigued given the constraints of the system, with it's "almost understand-ability" as an enthusiastic novice and it's been the search for information that has got me spending a little time here (and listening to the few podcasts I can regarding the PET - shoutout to ARG Presents for their unique take on some PET gaming). Australia (particularly the further north you go)probably isn't the most PET-saturated continent, but I guess that's part of the fun and I have other devices to fill the ever-shrinking spare time.

Anyway - Hi again and thanks in advance for anyone giving up their time for the benefit of the hobby.
Welcome! The PET was my first contact with a micro computer when I was in Junior High School. I would love to have one in my collection. So far the only Commodore I have is a C64 breadbin.

Happy Holidays,
Seaken
 
Welcome! The PET was my first contact with a micro computer when I was in Junior High School. I would love to have one in my collection. So far the only Commodore I have is a C64 breadbin.

Happy Holidays,
Seaken
Hey thanks Seaken! Hope you have a joy-filled time!
 
I am an HP 9000 enthusiast and am looking for someone to help me pick up a couple of workstations from a seller in Brunswick, VIC, Australia. I only need part of it the rest of the stuff can stay. Who can help me ?

 
I am an HP 9000 enthusiast and am looking for someone to help me pick up a couple of workstations from a seller in Brunswick, VIC, Australia. I only need part of it the rest of the stuff can stay. Who can help me ?

Hi @tt0ny, sorry mate... the HP 9000 stuff isn't something I know anything about and unfortunately the equipment is a very, very long way away from my location in Australia. Hope someone sees your plea and can assist!
 
The Spectrum is my favourite, and is where I spend most of my time developing, though that's morphed into CP/M lately so I can work on building the Sinclair Loki from the ground up.

We don't get a lot of Spectrums here in Australia... I remember when they used to sell them in KMart though... right next to the .22 rifles.

That was a long time ago!
 
The Spectrum is my favourite, and is where I spend most of my time developing, though that's morphed into CP/M lately so I can work on building the Sinclair Loki from the ground up.

We don't get a lot of Spectrums here in Australia... I remember when they used to sell them in KMart though... right next to the .22 rifles.

That was a long time ago!
Wow - that's right.... KMart had rifles, and knock-off Hollywood diners in-store. Ahhh, the good old days 😄

I had to quickly do a search on what the Loki was.... that's ambitious! Is there progress recorded in forum or elsewhere?
 
There is, but it's all over the place and I'm a very long way from completing it... I've rebuild the video section with just 4 GAL chips ( low-cost programmable logic from the 80s. They were used in the Spectrum 128 ) - and it should be able to run 512x192 graphics in 8/16 colours or 256x192 in 64 colours over four nominal planes, and I've designed the hardware vector graphics drawing support, but haven't worked out whether to operate it whent he video isn't accessing, or while the CPU waits, but with 1985 era chips the video system has an access time of around 220ns at zero wait for read, can get as fast as 70ns and writes can occur at any speed since they are buffered but require a cooldown of 140ns before the next write, which is amazingly fast for low-cost chips of the era. I've only tested the video with an 8052 microcontroller so far, but it works as expected. It works on a different principle that if the video ram is twice the speed that the video architecture requires, then it can be bus multiplexed without multiplexing ICs reducing around 60% of the circuitry required, and the CPU interface can asynchronously at 1/3 of of the RAM speed without contention... That was kind of where the Loki appeared to be going. And I can't get ULAs so I'm using GALs as a reasonable alternative for the era.

Basing it on Sir Clive's original claimed specifications, there are ways to cheat with things like video timing but I've assembled an architecture for a megabyte of addressable memory with separate process IDs for each program running ( it does support multitasking but the current OS is purely aimed at CP/M 2.2 ) - Speaking of which, once I built the emulator, I started writing the LokiOS, since that was the biggest task, and one I could do in my spare time, so I wrote a CP/M compatible OS that is so close to CP/M 2.2 that it's possible to switch the BDOS or CCP with the real one, and it keeps on running without too many issues, though ending programs still causes some trouble and I need to bugfix that. The memory itself is managed by raw CP/M BDOS calls repurposed as a MMU, which works remarkably well, so the full megabyte is a RAM drive, and it's possible to log to M: and not only use it as a ram drive, but if you do a DIR, you can see the memory map in the files exactly where they are located in memory, so for example, you can load up microsoft basic, open the Video File as read-write and directly read/write the 128k video memory from Basic80 under Normal CP/M and it works... It's an interesting converged architecture. It even uses INDR and OTDR to block transfer memory between I/O and the memory space either directly or under BDOS... And programs can just open themselves as a file as an alternative to needing to be aware of the extra paging hardware.

But most important was the price goal of under 200 GBP or USD400... Which is why the Loki was considered impossible. Loki was always supposed to run CP/M, but that would have made it impossible as license costs would have killed it, so it needed a custom CP/M compatible OS to run it, and specialised drivers for the video system that don't take up space in the TPA, since the video itself is nearly twice the size of most TPAs. I wrote LokiOS last year, and this year I'm working on a native z80 assembler for it, but it will also work under CP/M since the OS is close enough that any CP/M software should work on Loki. Both are available for free on Github.

Next year I hope to finish the hardware design.

Hmm. Kmart diners... With crinkle cut chips and gravy... It really was a treat when my mum went shopping there... That's where I picked up my love of Trifle too. They just made it in the small clear plastic cups that you normally drink from at parties. I was so saddened to see them disappear. KMart needs to put them back... That's what we need to fix the modern era here in Oz... Kmart diners with $5 lunches and $2 coffees.... ( updated prices for the modern era ). For a long time all KMarts were the same and you could find all the same things in any kmart anywhere you went and they were in the same place. No getting lost in the stores... No time wasted... Before they all started price gouging.
 
There is, but it's all over the place and I'm a very long way from completing it... I've rebuild the video section with just 4 GAL chips ( low-cost programmable logic from the 80s. They were used in the Spectrum 128 ) - and it should be able to run 512x192 graphics in 8/16 colours or 256x192 in 64 colours over four nominal planes, and I've designed the hardware vector graphics drawing support, but haven't worked out whether to operate it whent he video isn't accessing, or while the CPU waits, but with 1985 era chips the video system has an access time of around 220ns at zero wait for read, can get as fast as 70ns and writes can occur at any speed since they are buffered but require a cooldown of 140ns before the next write, which is amazingly fast for low-cost chips of the era. I've only tested the video with an 8052 microcontroller so far, but it works as expected. It works on a different principle that if the video ram is twice the speed that the video architecture requires, then it can be bus multiplexed without multiplexing ICs reducing around 60% of the circuitry required, and the CPU interface can asynchronously at 1/3 of of the RAM speed without contention... That was kind of where the Loki appeared to be going. And I can't get ULAs so I'm using GALs as a reasonable alternative for the era.

Basing it on Sir Clive's original claimed specifications, there are ways to cheat with things like video timing but I've assembled an architecture for a megabyte of addressable memory with separate process IDs for each program running ( it does support multitasking but the current OS is purely aimed at CP/M 2.2 ) - Speaking of which, once I built the emulator, I started writing the LokiOS, since that was the biggest task, and one I could do in my spare time, so I wrote a CP/M compatible OS that is so close to CP/M 2.2 that it's possible to switch the BDOS or CCP with the real one, and it keeps on running without too many issues, though ending programs still causes some trouble and I need to bugfix that. The memory itself is managed by raw CP/M BDOS calls repurposed as a MMU, which works remarkably well, so the full megabyte is a RAM drive, and it's possible to log to M: and not only use it as a ram drive, but if you do a DIR, you can see the memory map in the files exactly where they are located in memory, so for example, you can load up microsoft basic, open the Video File as read-write and directly read/write the 128k video memory from Basic80 under Normal CP/M and it works... It's an interesting converged architecture. It even uses INDR and OTDR to block transfer memory between I/O and the memory space either directly or under BDOS... And programs can just open themselves as a file as an alternative to needing to be aware of the extra paging hardware.

But most important was the price goal of under 200 GBP or USD400... Which is why the Loki was considered impossible. Loki was always supposed to run CP/M, but that would have made it impossible as license costs would have killed it, so it needed a custom CP/M compatible OS to run it, and specialised drivers for the video system that don't take up space in the TPA, since the video itself is nearly twice the size of most TPAs. I wrote LokiOS last year, and this year I'm working on a native z80 assembler for it, but it will also work under CP/M since the OS is close enough that any CP/M software should work on Loki. Both are available for free on Github.

Next year I hope to finish the hardware design.

Hmm. Kmart diners... With crinkle cut chips and gravy... It really was a treat when my mum went shopping there... That's where I picked up my love of Trifle too. They just made it in the small clear plastic cups that you normally drink from at parties. I was so saddened to see them disappear. KMart needs to put them back... That's what we need to fix the modern era here in Oz... Kmart diners with $5 lunches and $2 coffees.... ( updated prices for the modern era ). For a long time all KMarts were the same and you could find all the same things in any kmart anywhere you went and they were in the same place. No getting lost in the stores... No time wasted... Before they all started price gouging.
That..... is a huge undertaking. I get the broad strokes of what you've posted here, I think haha. It defintely feels like a passion-project and is extremely interesting! I've not spent any time with CP/M but this is the second time in as many weeks that someone has mentioned it, being part of a project. Sir Clive was renowned for the low cost approach, but this sounds like next level, wyrd-magiics low cost!!

Hardware design completion in 2024? Are you sticking with GALs or looking to consoldiate to cpld/fpga?

I didn't have a KMart nearby when I was a kid, so you can imagine the wonder when I got a chance to go there on occasion. It was always about splitting time looking at Transformers and wandering through the computer and video games section, parents would have to almost drag me out. I don't remember the Trifle, but I remember burgers, kandy spiders/floats and those crinkle cut chips!! $5 lunches and more importantly $2 coffees, sign me up!!!!!
 
I am fond of the 6545 CRTC controller IC as it is used in the Rockwell RM-65 video card (image attached). Most of these IC's were Rockwell or were SY6545. I think there is a difference in the internal makeup of these as the SY6545 runs hotter than the R6545 but they both work fine.

I have the 2001 dynamic PET, but it does not use the CRTC, instead it has a really interesting array of IC's in a cyclic loop to generate the video and a curious & interesting 4 state machine which counts in a non standard binary sequence. I think something (some product perhaps) stirred the imagination of the designers when they came up with that. Somewhat analogous to the way Atari helped their Engineers design Asteroids.

One thing on that video card that is not too obvious because of the orange acrylic cover, is the two small compact electrolytic capacitors near the connector, they are made by Panasonic a have a clear blue jacket and they have been affectionately called called "Baby Blue" capacitors (shades of Mr Dylan). People are fond of them in the audiophile industry.
 

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I do get the impression that the sheer brilliance of designers, especially in the earlier devices, was at times "enhanced" by some thing or some product

Are those Baby Blue caps still available(nos), or even in production?
 
I do get the impression that the sheer brilliance of designers, especially in the earlier devices, was at times "enhanced" by some thing or some product

Are those Baby Blue caps still available(nos), or even in production?
They turn up on ebay from time to time. They can be recognised by the Royal blue jacket.

Generally for the uF rating and voltage rating, they are relatively small , hence the "Baby" part of Baby Blue.

 
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