Sergey - thanks for the information. The issue I'm having looks like a bad disk image conversion - the Gotek can retrieve data from the USB stick/disk image, but running DIR for instance gives a looooong string of zeros down the middle of the screen, several beeps from the speaker, a partially garbled listing of the files on the image, and some extraneous characters. Trying to run any of the files - even extremely small ones - gives a "not enough memory" error. I can run files directly off the conventional floppy drive without issue. I've pulled disk images from a number of online sources, and all seem to have the same problem.
The computer is a Panasonic Senior Partner portable - it's an RL-H7000WB model with dual floppies. I'm booting MS-DOS 1.0 from the conventional floppy on drive A, and have the Gotek set up as the B drive.
The maddening thing about it is that it's seeing "most" of the data, but the format is slightly off. I'm going to try reflashing the Gotek and see if that resolves the issue. Any other ideas are welcome!